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All Along the Watchtower

~ A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you … John 13:34

All Along the Watchtower

Category Archives: Saints

Hiraeth am cymru: land of my Fathers

01 Tuesday Mar 2016

Posted by JessicaHoff in Blogging, Faith, poetry, Saints

≈ 11 Comments

Tags

Christianity, Nostalgia, Saint David, Wales

Strictly speaking Wales is the land of my mother and her family – the land of my father and his family is Germany, but living in Wales until I was 18, and being born and brought up there, it will always be home to me, and on this, St David’s day, it is the land of my birth which I want to celebrate – the hiraeth is on me. There is no English equivalence – the best you can get to is homesickness tinged with regret and some bitterness. It takes me to the slate-grey mountain-side and the winding, scrabbly footpath, which the sheep take with sure feet, and if hadn’t had my shepherd’s crook, I could hardly have taken at all; my Daddy made it for me so that I could go out with him. The rain would come at us horizontally sometimes, and I was thankful for the oilskin waterproofs and my sou’wester, and like the page in the carol, I followed in his footprints, with his bulk protecting me to some extent from the wind.

We’d walk – well lean into the wind and let our feet move forward really – the circuitous route to the top pasture; when he was not burdened with his little daughter, Daddy would stride up the green path – taking the side of the mountain full on with his thick boots and gnarled and scarred shepherd’s crook. Then there we were, the mobile shepherd’s hut, and suddenly, no wind and no rain; he’d light the little stove, brew us some tea, pour me one and then plunge back out himself, coming back only when he was content that all was well – the flock was numbered, counted and, if it was safe, then I could come out and help. Child-birth held no mystery for me, as from the age of 8 I was allowed to help with the lambing, the slippery little baby lamb struggling out and then tottering about – and I had to be persuaded not to pick each one up and treat it as my baby – the ewes are protective of their babies, and you get to know what you can and can’t do with them. But sitting there with the mother and the new born baby, and my Daddy wiping himself off, I felt at the centre of life. When I first encountered RS Thomas, I recognised his vision immediately:

To live in Wales is to be conscious
At dusk of the spilled blood
That went into the making of the wild sky,
Dyeing the immaculate rivers
In all their courses.

Sometime, on Sundays, after church, I’d walk the hills, going up to the old Bethel chapel half way up where the miners had worshipped until the 1970s. Now a mournful and empty sight, I would go in there and try to make it feel better by praying there. But I couldn’t help feeling the weight of what RS Thomas wrote about the ‘Welsh Landscape’:

There is no present in Wales,
And no future;
There is only the past,
Brittle with relics,
Wind-bitten towers and castles
With sham ghosts;
Mouldering quarries and mines;
And an impotent people,
Sick with inbreeding,
Worrying the carcass of an old song.

If we went into town for the weekly market, you’d see men just talking, their livelihoods gone, their hope gone, and only the chapel there to provide something beyond the simple act of getting through a pointless week to another such as part of an endless cycle, broken only by the signing on for the dole and the rugby. Even as a little girl I was angry on their behalf – a way of life was slipping away, whole communities with nothing to hope for – except a Wales victory on Saturday.

There were, everywhere, the signs of the evangelical revival of the early twentieth century, but that sea of faith was ebbing – hence the empty chapels, the more accessible ones bought up by incomers. I asked Daddy once whether we were incomers, “Hoff” wasn’t exactly a good Welsh name, and he said he might be, but the Jones (my mother’s family) had tended sheep in these parts time beyond memory. And now they do no more – but the land of my Mother calls to me, whispering of lost enchantments and ties of blood and history. So, on this St David’s day I say proudly ‘cymru am byth’ – (Wales for ever) but am conscious that ‘Nid oes dim yn parhau am byth’ (nothing is forever) – at least in this mortal life. Oh but my spirit longs to see the mountains again, and I weary of these flat, tame, English fields which surround me – and I would be, once again, in those wild places, where only the kites and the sheep live – to breath, once more, that clear mountain air and to see the narrow skies dominated by mountain peaks. One day.

Cwmorthin-quarry-ruin-festiniog-snowdonia

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Love divine, all loves excelling

29 Monday Feb 2016

Posted by JessicaHoff in Faith, Gareth Thomas, Saints

≈ 4 Comments

Tags

Brides of Christ, Catholic Church, Catholicism, Christianity, Franciscan spirituality, love, St Agnes, St Clare

Saint-clare-of-assisi-saving-a-child-from-a-wolf--22241

The third of Gareth Thomas’ introductions to the letters of St Clare and Agnes of Prague takes us close to the heart of one of the most remarkable things about their Christian lives – and that is their love for each other, founded in a deep love for Jesus and for his mother; we can see love begetting love – it reminds me of the mystery of the Trinity itself – God is love – with Father, Son and Holy Ghost united in a trinity of love which overflows to save all who will humble themselves to receive it. St Clare’s love pours through, and she rejoices in the way Agnes’ humility and obedience has put to flight the great enemy – perfect love casts out evil, and love is perfected only in Christ.

We live, alas, in a world where one woman writing to another and calling her ‘dearly beloved’ is liable to be misread; we seem to imagine that if there is no sexual component to a relationship it can’t be a proper one. That is to ignore the sort of deep love, the spiritual affection and intimacy which pervades these letters; they are both sisters in Christ, and as they love, and are loved by him, so too do they love each other. St Clare invokes the sacrifice they have both made of the things which this world values, and we can be sure in that there is a reference to carnality, which, far from completing love, distracts from the total commitment to Christ which they have both made – it matters to them both that their bodies are ‘chaste and virginal’: a society which fails to understand chastity and does not value virginity will fail to see why these are pearls of great price which both women have given up for that one pearl of greater price – their heavenly spouse.

As Gareth says, we have only one side here of the correspondence, but we see with what sisterly love St Clare reaches out to help Agnes. During Lent we can all be tempted beyond our strength, and in committing to self-denial, place, unwittingly, a road block in our way. Lovingly, St Clare guides Agnes through the words of St Francis towards a mortification of the flesh which she will be able to bear. There is, in the delicacy of her expression, a sign of the care which love takes. It would have been easy for St Clare to have spoken of the virtues of self-denial and to have encouraged greater mortification, but that was not the word love spoke to her. It told her that her dearest sister was taking on too much, that she was trying herself beyond what her spirit could bear, and it found a way of guiding her to a better way, one more pleasing to God, who loves us and does not require that we go beyond what our poor mortal flesh and blood can bear.

I find myself touched almost to tears by such a love story – the tenderness the letters breathe come from the two women’s love for each other, which, in turn is rooted in their love of Christ, and, as Gareth comments, of his mother. Love feeds itself, and in loving Jesus, St Clare and Agnes love his mother who loved him, and whom he loved. It reminds me of this saying of St Isaac:

“In love did God bring the world into existence; in love is God going to bring it to that wondrous transformed state, and in love will the world be swallowed up in the great mystery of the One who has performed all these things; in love will the whole course of the governance of creation be finally comprised.”

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Being a bride of Christ

22 Monday Feb 2016

Posted by JessicaHoff in Faith, Gareth Thomas, Julian of Norwich, Saints

≈ 4 Comments

Tags

Brides of Christ, Catholicism, Christianity, Obedience, St Agnes, St Clare

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We are all in debt to Gareth for his introduction to the letters of St Clare to St Agnes – and I have found, and am finding them, a treasure for my Lenten practice.

In them we hear something we rarely get in the history of our Faith – the voice of women. It is a quiet but persistent voice – quiet because women were not expected to assert themselves in such matters, and persistent because both women knew they were speaking wit the voice of Christ. Unlike later, male figures, who found the opulence of the Church a scandal and wanted to assert the authentic note of Scriptural teaching, and who resorted to banging theses onto the doors of a Cathedral and trying to bang heads together, SS Clare and Agnes chose another way – one that reconciled obedience with reform. For them both ‘marriage’ was not simply a metaphor – it was a spiritual reality they lived every day; so they were obedient to their spouse – as a good wife should be. In so being, they took the courage to argue with men who, though they were part of the bride of Christ, seemed not to want to follow where those footsteps led. Clare and Agnes knew where they led – to a personal Calvary. How moving are these words:

Look upon Him who became contemptible for you, and follow Him, making yourself contemptible in the world for him. Your Spouse, though more beautiful than the children of men (Ps 44:3), became, for your salvation, the lowest of men, despised, struck, scourged untold times throughout His whole body, and then died amid the sufferings of the cross. O most noble Queen, gaze upon Him, consider Him, contemplate Him, as you desire to imitate Him.

Remember, these were high born women who could have enjoyed a life of personal luxury, they had connections with the most powerful men in Europe – but they used them not to further their own wishes, but those of their spouse- and in being joined with him they were following the way of the Cross. But their faith told them, truly, that if they died with him, they would rise with him. This they did not simply say with their lips, but believed in their hearts.

One of the many wonderful things about Gareth’s introductions is that he understands this – he sees how their minds work. There is, in all they write, a lightness and joy – it is indeed the spiritual life as a dance, one in which we do not labour our footsteps because we are burdened with the Cross, but one in which we move lightly because we know he has ben this way before us.

I am deliberately not reading ahead, because I want to savour these letters, to drown in their ethos. So often, as a woman, I read learned treatises by men which tell me much I wish to know, but in these letters, as in the music of Hildegard von Bingen and the writings of Mother Julian of Norwich, I simply encounter the note of an authentically female vision of what it means to be wedded to the Lord Jesus.

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Lenten reflections: women and obedience

15 Monday Feb 2016

Posted by JessicaHoff in Lent, Reading the BIble, Saints

≈ 18 Comments

Tags

Esther, Franciscan spirituality, Obedience, St Clare

811clare17

Some people – of whom I am one – begin their Lent observances on Ash Wednesday, others on the first Sunday in Lent. The advantage of the first method is that you get to celebrate Sundays as a feast day in Lent, which allows of a relaxation of any Lenten sacrifices, should one want. But it is always a good idea to take up something new, as well as offer a sacrifice. Here, I have been helped by Gareth Thomas, who has introduced me to the letters of St Clare of Assisi to the Blessed Agnes of Prague. I had, of course, heard of St Clare, but knew nothing about this correspondence before the marvellous Gareth brought it to our attention yesterday- and with such a helpful introduction.

I am going to add it to my other Lenten task, which is to read the Book of Esther, and by one of those marvellous coincidences which mean it wasn’t one at all, the two go well together and give me much to think on. King Ahasuerus, who may have been Xerxes I, or Artaxerxes I, is a proud man, ruler, as he sees it, of all, and all were expected to bow to the whim of the King of Kings One of the ways in which he wanted to demonstrate his power and his enviable position was to show off his Queen, Vashti, to his nobles; when she refuses this order, she is punished and dismissed, and the King orders a search to be made for a new bride. The message was clear – women should keep their place and do as they are told.

The Blessed Agnes of Prague was offered a great and prestigious role as the wife of the emperor Frederick II, who, one hopes, would not have behaved as the Persian King did to his wife. But she declined the honour, preferring to devote her life to Christ. St Clare saw in her a kindred spirit – they had both spurned the riches and privileges on offer to them through the circumstances of their birth, to become Brides of Christ – as St Clare put it:

You took a spouse of a more noble lineage, Who will keep Your virginity ever unspotted and unsullied, the Lord Jesus Christ

Our society does not, I think, either understand or value such things, but those of us who have felt a similar call know what Clare and Agnes mean. To place oneself entirely at the disposal of Christ is a great calling, and the two women set an example to be admired – but how many of us can imitate it?

If the modern West fails to grasp the dimensions of the devotion shown by St Clare and the Blessed Agnes, still less, alas, does it grasp Esther, who is seen by some feminists as a bit of a wimp for not just standing up to Ahasuerus. But such a reading is, like so much of that sort of feminism, reductionist. To my way of thinking, St Clare and the Agnes are feminist heroines because they truly take a radical option, unencumbered by any thought that they have to imitate men and what men want and do. Their obedience to their spouse – Jesus – is absolute in a way that the male Franciscans clearly found hard. In submitting to their spouse, they were obedient to God in a way the men struggled with. There may be a lesson there if we can come to it.

It is always dangerous in our society to link the words ‘obedience’ and ‘women’ because of the way in which the former can be used to abuse the latter, but it should not blind us to the fact that God’s laws are not optional. As we shall see when we move on to Esther tomorrow, this was something she instinctively understood – where the men around her, power-brokers all – failed to grasp it.

 

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Remembrance Day

11 Wednesday Nov 2015

Posted by Neo in Church/State, poetry, Politics, Saints

≈ 14 Comments

Tags

Abraham Lincoln, Remembrance Day, St Martin of Tours, United States, Veterans Day

Georges Scott's La Brigade Marine Americane Au...

Georges Scott’s La Brigade Marine Americane Au Bois De Belleau in 1918 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

You all know that I am a pretty traditional guy, one of the effects of that is that I believe holidays belong on their anniversary’s, not necessarily to provide a three-day weekend. Remembrance Day is a case in point.

It is on St. Martin’s day, the patron saint of the infantry, that the bloodletting of the Great War ended, specifically the 11th hour of the 11th day, of the 11th month, and so for many of you, it is Remembrance Day, for those of us who are Americans it is Veterans Day, only because we already had a holiday, Memorial Day, celebrating our war dead, Veterans Day celebrates the survivors of all our conflicts. Yes, to a great extent, both do both, and that is hardly a bad thing, our, and your, soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines have done much to build the modern world we inhabit.

An aside to our American readers, yesterday marked, with Pomp and Circumstance (and dancing, and a fair amount of alcohol) an event that occurred 240 years ago in Dun’s tavern in Philadelphia: the birth of those guys that Kaiser Bill called Teufel Hunden, the US Marine Corps. Ever since it has lived up to its motto of Semper Fidelis.

Most of us here have written something about Remembrance Day: Chalcedon here, Jessica here,  and I did here, I’m pretty sure Geoffrey has talked about it a bit as well, but I’m darned if I can find it. I think in many ways, we said most of what there is to say.

Chalcedon made the point, here, that as we get further away from the events, we tend to over sentimentalize them. He’s right, we do, and as he said, not many of the troops were consciously fighting for “Truth, beauty, and the American [or English] way. they were fighting because it was their job, for their buddies, and for their lives. And yes, I do mean that to include those who were our enemies, I don’t think the son of a German  farmer was all that different from an English orphan or an American city boy. They had a job to do, and they did it the best they could. Anybody that thinks anybody was fighting for democracy in the Great War is simply a loon. Well, there may have been a few who were fooled by the propaganda, but armies have a great knack at curing people of such foolish beliefs.

1914 in many ways marked the start of the most violent century in, perhaps, forever. It is a major accomplishment that we won all the important ones. the world would be a far darker place if Hitler, Tojo, or Stalin had won. It is a signal accomplishment of the English Speaking Peoples that we gave the world a chance at freedom. We can’t win or keep it for them, but we gave them a chance. And think about that as you look at the Cenotaph, or Bobby Lee’s yard, which the US government pretty much stole to start Arlington Cemetary.

We owe much gratitude to our veteran’s and our war dead, we should get over our old habits, and truly care for those who have eaten the Queen’s biscuit, or have the Eagle on their button, and quit thinking that lip service on one (or two) days a year is all we owe them. You remember this, right? Don’t let it apply to our generation.

You talk o' better food for us, an' schools, an' fires, an' all:
We'll wait for extry rations if you treat us rational.
Don't mess about the cook-room slops, but prove it to our face
The Widow's Uniform is not the soldier-man's disgrace.
 For it's Tommy this, an' Tommy that, an' "Chuck him out, the brute!"
 But it's "Saviour of 'is country" when the guns begin to shoot;
 An' it's Tommy this, an' Tommy that, an' anything you please;
 An' Tommy ain't a bloomin' fool -- you bet that Tommy sees!

Abraham Lincoln had something to say to us about this as well in his second inaugural

  With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.

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A prayer of Padre Pio

23 Wednesday Sep 2015

Posted by John Charmley in Faith, Saints

≈ 7 Comments

Tags

Catholic Church, Catholicism, Christianity, Padre Pio

Today is the feast of St Pius of Pietrelcina, who is a great favourite of Jessica’s, so, for her, and in honour of him, I reproduce this prayer of his – and a short extract from one of Jessica’s old posts. V45C

Stay with me, Lord, for it is necessary to have
You present so that I do not forget You.
You know how easily I abandon You.

Stay with me, Lord, because I am weak
and I need Your strength,
that I may not fall so often.
Stay with me, Lord, for You are my life,
and without You, I am without fervor.

Stay with me, Lord, for You are my light,
and without You, I am in darkness.

Stay with me, Lord, to show me Your will.

Stay with me, Lord, so that I hear Your voice
and follow You.

Stay with me, Lord, for I desire to love You
very much, and always be in Your company.

Stay with me, Lord, if You wish me to be faithful to You.

Stay with me, Lord, for as poor as my soul is,
I want it to be a place of consolation for You, a nest of love.

Stay with me, Jesus, for it is getting late and the day is coming to a close, and life passes;death, judgment, eternity approaches.

It is necessary to renew my strength,so that I will not stop along the way and for that, I need You.

It is getting late and death approaches,
I fear the darkness, the temptations, the dryness, the cross, the sorrows.

O how I need You, my Jesus, in this night of exile!

Stay with me tonight, Jesus, in life with all its dangers. I need You.

Let me recognize You as Your disciples did at the breaking of the bread,so that the Eucharistic Communion be the Light which disperses the darkness,the force which sustains me, the unique joy of my heart.

Stay with me, Lord, because at the hour of my death, I want to remain united to You, if not by communion, at least by grace and love.

Stay with me, Jesus, I do not ask for divine consolation, because I do not merit it,
but the gift of Your Presence, oh yes, I ask this of You!

Stay with me, Lord, for it is You alone I look for, Your Love, Your Grace, Your Will, Your Heart,
Your Spirit, because I love You and ask no other reward but to love You more and more.

With a firm love, I will love You with all my heart while on earth
and continue to love You perfectly during all eternity.    Amen

That a man with the spiritual grandeur of Padre Pio walked where I walk encourages me hugely; I am not alone. Of course, when I read the Gospels, not least Mark, I see the Apostles not quite understanding; so my own want of comprehension seems less of a burden. I couldn’t have been a Martha, as I am afraid I should not have been doing the baking whilst Jesus was talking; I could see myself doing a Mary and wiping the Lord’s feet with my hair, or anointing Him with costly spikenard. I can hear my sister now – a Martha par excellence, she’d upbraid me for my wastefulness and my laziness. But I hope my love would redeem me.

Too often we forget that our Faith is about the supreme act of love whereby Jesus gave up His life and suffered death, death upon a cross, for us. That means for me, in all my imperfections, all my sinfulness, and all my regrets at not being a better Christian. In a much-abused word – that is Awesome. It is that which draws forth my love, that which makes me follow Him; and that which will redeem me.

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Miracles in Mark

06 Wednesday May 2015

Posted by John Charmley in Bible, Faith, Saints, St Mark's Gospel

≈ 45 Comments

Tags

Christianity, Faith, Jesus, love

Jesus-leprocy-miracles

One of the things which strikes any reflective reader of Mark’s Gospel is the number of times Jesus counsels secrecy about his miracles, whether to the demons (Mark 1:34), whom he will not allow to speak of who he is, or to the leper (1:44) or to the disciples. This has led some modern scholars to argue that it shows Jesus never claimed to be the Messiah, that he was, in fact, a miracle-worker, and that it was only after his death that his followers made other claims about him. Such an interpretation is possible only if one ignores other parts of Mark’s Gospel, the whole of St John, and everything St Paul writes; of course, it can be done, but why bother? Nonetheless, something needs explaining here. Mark begins by proclaiming the Good News of the Kingdom, and his ‘king’ seems bent on hiding the obvious evidence that he is the Messiah; don’t mention the miracles, seems to be the message.

We get at least a partial answer if we look at one occasion when Jesus does not counsel secrecy – the healing of the paralytic in Mark 2:1-12. The miracle is accomplished, no secrecy is enjoined, and in any event, it would have been impossible as there were so many witnesses. The scribes take exception to Jesus saying “Your sins are forgiven”. From their point of view they are correct – only God could forgive sins, so on their orthodox understanding, Jesus was blaspheming. Jesus’ response gives us a hint as to what is going on when he counsels secrecy. He tells them that doing miracles is easy enough, the hard part is forgiving sins; the miracle is, as it were, a secondary consideration – Jesus is here to forgive us – that is the real proclamation of who He is – the miracles are not the main point of the Good News.

We can see, too, a theme in Mark about how Jesus felt about the priorities held by the religious leaders of his own day. If he is cutting with the Scribes about their attitude towards the healing of the paralytic, then when they seem to care only about whether he will heal a man on the Sabbath, he becomes angry at the hardness of their hearts. There are men who say they follow God’s Law, and who claim to be teachers, whose reaction to someone’s distress is to try to trip up the man who might heal him because he is doing so on the wrong day. He heals the man, and the Pharisees show their real face by going to report him to the ‘Herodians’.

It seems as though what Jesus will not do is to base his authority on ‘signs and wonders’. There were plenty of itinerant healers and exorcists – Jesus is not one of them. His miracles talk of the need for ‘faith’, and trust, which speaks to the existence of a relationship with Him; this is not some impersonal miracle-worker, this is about a personal response to Jesus. It may well have been for that reason that he could do no miracles in his home village – the people there who knew him were not able to have that relationship of faith with him.

We see this most clearly after the Transfiguration. When the father brings his mute son to Jesus, it almost seems as though Jesus is impatient: “O faithless generation, how long shall I be with you? How long shall I bear with you? Bring him to Me.” But if we read with care, we see Jesus and the father kneeling beside the stricken boy, and we see a relationship develop. Jesus asks about the boy’s history, the father’s desire to have Jesus heal his son is palpable, and Jesus says anything is possible if he will trust in him. The father asks for help with his unbelief – and gets it. This is all about trusting in Jesus, not about miracles.

God does not work as we might wish. Why, we might wonder, does He not strike His enemies, why no great voice to us all from the heavens telling everyone He is who He is? Why? For the same reason that He worked with us through Jesus, the suffering servant king. He is love, His ways are not our ways, and we are encouraged to develop a relationship based on love and faith. Our God does not wish to compel us to love Him on command. It is not for nothing that He is called ‘father’ by Jesus. He is love, His love calls Him to redeem us, and to Calvary for us; what, we might ask, does our love for Him drive us to do?

 

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Faith of our fathers

04 Monday May 2015

Posted by John Charmley in Anti Catholic, Catholic Tradition, Faith, Persecution, Prayers, Saints

≈ 66 Comments

Tags

Catholic Church, Catholicism, Christianity, Church & State, history

Martyrs

Everyone whose ancestors lived in these islands before 1538 is descended from Catholic stock. Quite when my forefathers gave up their Catholic faith is unknown, but as they came from a part of the border with Wales where Catholicism proved hard to extirpate, I would like to think it took some time; but however long or short the time, they did what most English and Welsh people did in the end – they went with what the State wanted – even if, as early as the late seventeenth century they were no longer conforming with Anglican practice.

Today the Catholic Church remembers the forty canonised martyrs of England and Wales who were executed by the State between 1535 and 1679; these are but a small proportion of the hundreds who were hounded, persecuted and put to death by the State during the period between 1535 and the eighteenth century. The Church chooses this day, 4 May, because it is the anniversary of the martyrdom of the Carthusian priors, St John Houghton of London, St Robert Lawrence of Beauvale and St Augustine Webster of Axholme, and St Richard Reynolds, a Bridgettine of Syon Abbey, and Blessed John Haile, a secular priest. Significantly, they were wearing their priestly vestments. They were hung drawn and quartered. Their crime? They refused their assent to the Act of Succession, which made Henry VIII, Head of the Church and made his children by Anne Boleyn rightful heirs to the throne ahead of Princess Mary, the only surviving child of Henry’s one canonical marriage to Catherine of Aragon. In June, St John Fisher and St Thomas More would go to the block for the same reason. It ushered in an era of unprecedented brutality. It was true that heretical individuals had been tortured and executed for their crimes, but nothing on the scale that now erupted had been seen. It is significant that when Princess Mary became queen in 1553, she continued the policy of her father and brother, and by 1558 the number of executions was d slowing down; it seemed as though the Protestant resistance was breaking; only her death in 1558 stopped England and Wales returning to the Catholic fold.

It was a violent age, and those contemporaries who criticise men like St Thomas More for participating in its legal cruelties might ponder, especially if they are American, their own country’s continuing commitment to what many of us regard as crude and nasty methods of killing the incarcerated; where legal systems allow such things, it is, though, pointless to condemn the individuals in the system who operate it. But why, one might ask, the level of violence across such a long period?

The answer seems to lie in what happened in Mary’s reign. According to its most recent historian, Eamon Duffy, Cardinal Pole and Mary had a clear aim in continuing the violence begun by her father and brother. The State had used extreme violence because the ordinary people were very attached to their Church and their faith. The old Protestant myth, that the Church was corrupt and unpopular was just that, as Duffy showed in his magisterial Stripping of the Altars. Had the myth been true, then few would have fought for the Church, and there would have been little need for extreme and prolonged violence by the State; only through fear and force could Henry and his men suppress popular loyalty. But that was, as Mary’s reign showed, all they managed. Within a couple of years of Mary coming to the throne, having dealt with the most prominent anti-Catholics, ordinary people felt confident enough to bring out their hidden alter-pieces, their concealed rood-screens and their statues.  By 1558 it was beginning to look as though the harsh medicine of Cardinal Pole had had its effect – and then he and Mary died. The Protestant Elizabeth would continue her father’s policy.

As we look back to scenes which are reminiscent of what is happening in parts of the Middle East now, we can regret the spectacle of Christians (In Byron’s words) ‘burning each other, quite persuaded that all the Apostles/would have done as they did’. We can also be profoundly grateful that Christians have learned do do better, and now try to discuss what divides them rather than trying to compel others to conform by force. But on this feast day, we can also admire the faith and the courage of those who died for their faith.

It seems fitting to end this reflection with the words of one the first martyrs, St. John Houghton (c. 1486-1535) Carthusian hermit, and priest, who died on this day:

“I call Almighty God to witness, and I beseech all here present to attest for me on the dreadful danger of judgement, that, being about to die in public, I declare that I have refused to comply with the will of His Majesty the King, not from obstinacy, malice, or a rebellious spirit, but solely for fear of offending the supreme Majesty of God. Our holy Mother the Church has decreed and enjoined otherwise than the king and Parliament have decreed. I am therefore bound in conscience, and am ready and willing to suffer every kind of torture, rather than deny a doctrine of the Church. Pray for me, and have mercy on my brethren, of whom I have been the unworthy Prior.”

His last words were from Psalm 30:

“In thee, O Lord, have I hoped; let me never be confounded: deliver me in Thy justice…. Into Thy hands I commend my spirit; for Thou hast redeemed me, O Lord, the God of truth”

For those who wish to say a prayer for the martyrs, here is one suggestion:
Oh God, in whom there is no change or shadow of alteration, you gave courage to the Holy Martyrs. Grant unto us, we beseech you, through their intercession, the grace to always value the Holy Mass. May we be strengthened to serve you in imitation of the courage of these Holy Martyrs. We ask this through Jesus Christ, Your Son, who lives and reigns with You in the unity of the Holy Spirit, forever. Amen.

 

 

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St Athanasius

02 Saturday May 2015

Posted by John Charmley in Early Church, Faith, Persecution, Saints

≈ 10 Comments

Tags

Catholicism, Christianity, Faith, history, Obedience, orthodoxy, St Athanasius

Athanasius

Today is the feast day of the greatest champion of Christian orthodoxy, St Athanasius (c. 296-373) the 20th Patriarch of the See of Alexandria.

He first comes to our notice when Patriarch Alexander observed him playing on the sea shore with some friends. The boys were celebrating Mass and the young Athanasius was taking on the role of the priest, and baptising his peers. Alexander talked with the boy, and saw to it that his desire to serve God would receive fulfilment. As a young priest, Athanasius attended the Council of Nicea in 325 as assistant to the aged Alexander, whose excommunication of Arius had provoked it. The Council agreed that Christ was not ‘created’, but was rather ‘consubstantial’ with the Father. Despite this, within a few years, the Arians had rallied and, after the death of Constantine, secured the support of his sons. Across the Empire bishops hurried to accommodate themselves with the new order, seeking to devise phrases which would allow of a compromise: this Athanasius would not do. As Patriarch of the great See of Alexandria, he was a formidable thorn in the side of the Arians and semi-Arians.

His many enemies did not hesitate to bring charges against him, including one of murder – this last evaporated when, at the trial, Athanasius was able to call in aid the testimony of the man he was supposed to have murdered. His enemies conspired to bring about his death, but thanks to a merciful providence, he survived unscathed, although he suffered much, spending 17 of his 45 years as patriarch in exile. Between 339 and 346 he lived in exile in Rome under the protection of the Pope, Julius I. His defiance of the might of the Roman Empire in the cause of the Truth caused men to say he was ‘Athanasius contra mundum’ – Athanasius against the world. Neither threats, nor bribes, nor the opinion of the men of power prevailed against Athanasius’ faith in Christ and the truth that He was of one substance with the Father.

Despite eating the bitter bread of exile, Athanasius proved a good shepherd to his sheep. A much-beloved pastor, he was also a great theologian. His Life of St. Anthony is the model for all hagiography; his On the Incarnation is one of the defining works on Incarnational theology; his Paschal letter of 367 contains the first list of the canon of the Bible as the Church has received it. It was on his authority that St. Jerome added the Epistle to the Hebrews to his Vulgate; the book had been doubted in the West, but seeing that St. Athanasius accepted it, as the East always had, the Blessed St. Jerome also accepted it.

His writings, like his life, bore witness to the truth that God was made man so that we might become God:

We  are made sons through Him by adoption and grace, as partaking of His Spirit (for ‘as many as received Him,’ he says, ‘to them gave He power to become children of God, even to them that believe on His Name Jn1:12), and therefore also He is the Truth (saying, ‘I am the Truth,’ and in His address to His Father, He said, ‘Sanctify them through Thy Truth, Thy Word is Truth’ Jn 14:6); but we by imitation become virtuous and sons: — therefore not that we might become such as He, did He say ‘that they may be one as We are;’ but that as He, being the Word, is in His own Father, so that we too, taking an exemplar and looking at Him, might become one towards each other in concord and oneness of spirit, nor be at variance as the Corinthians, but mind the same thing, as those five thousand in the Acts (Acts 4: 4, 32), who were as one.

St. Athanasius, Discourses Against Arians, discourse III, Ch 25, p.404-405..

A fearless defender of the True Faith, St. Athanasius came back to his beloved Alexandria in 366 and lived there until his death in 373.

stathanasius

Father,

you raised up St. Athanasius
to be an outstanding defender
of the truth of Christ’s divinity.
By his teaching and protection
may we grow in your knowledge and love.
Grant us this through Our Lord, Jesus Christ, your son,
who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit,
one God, for ever and ever.
AMEN.

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To Relate

23 Thursday Apr 2015

Posted by Neo in Faith, Saints

≈ 10 Comments

Tags

England, Evangelism, history, Moral relativism, St. George

always-love-and-respectIn reading our discussions lately, it  has struck me that sometimes we conflate words to get to places we didn’t really mean to go.

We have discussed much how the church relates to the congregant. Webster’s defines relate this way.

: to show or make a connection between (two or more things)

: to understand and like or have sympathy for someone or something

: to tell (something, such as a story)

For our purposes though, I think the definition from the medical dictionary is perhaps more useful:

: to have meaningful social relationships : interact realistically <an inability to relate emotionally to others—Willow Lawson>

In many ways, when we look for a church, that’s what we are looking for, isn’t it? A place that will try to understand “where we are coming from”. And not this: if we are coming from, it’s likely that we are not satisfied with where we are, so we’re unlikely to be looking simply for validation that we’ve been perfect, are we?

So we’re not merely looking for validation that we’re doing everything right, we’re most likely looking for something better. Perhaps an example, perhaps someone to follow.

People are unchurched for many reasons, some have never been told anything about Christianity, some have come away from a lukewarm experience that left them unsatisfied, there are as many reasons as there are the unchurched.

It is our mission to listen to them, to help them to understand the Good News and help them make the journey to Christ. Note that i am not saying (nor have I ever) that we should compromise our beliefs (or our churches’) but we should, nay we must, listen to them carefully to understand what is troubling them.

No doubt if we are active in this, we will hear all manner of folly, and things that we know are nonsense. That doesn’t matter. What matters is that they learn that we care about them and will listen to them. If we don’t have that relationship, and that trust, we will be ineffective, not least because we will never understand why they are looking for something,.

But once they have learned that we can be trusted, and trusted not to denigrate them for what they say, we can begin to lead them to the Cross. Without that, we will simply drive them away, at least in my experience, from both sides.

Earlier, I said I think we sometimes conflate words. The phrase I had in mind is moral relativism. The Basics of Philosophy tells us:

Moral Relativism (or Ethical Relativism) is the position that moral or ethical propositions do not reflect objective and/oruniversal moral truths, but instead make claims relative to social, cultural, historical or personal circumstances. It does notdeny outright the truth-value or justification of moral statements (as some forms of Moral Anti-Realism do), but affirms relative forms of them. It may be described by the common aphorism: “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”.

Moral Relativists point out that humans are not omniscient, and history is replete with examples of individuals and societies acting in the name of an infallible truth later demonstrated to be more than fallible, so we should be very wary of basing important ethical decisions on a supposed absolute claim. Absolutes also tend to inhibit experimentation and foreclose possible fields of inquiry which might lead to progress in many fields, as well as stifling the human spirit and quest for meaning. In addition, the short term proves itself vastly superior in the ethical decision-making process than the relatively unknown long-term.

Relativistic positions may specifically see moral values as applicable only within certain cultural boundaries (Cultural Relativism) or in the context of individual preferences (Ethical Subjectivism). A related but slightly different concept is that ofMoral Pluralism (or Value Pluralism), the idea that there are several values which may be equally correct and fundamental, and yet in conflict with each other (e.g. the moral life of a nun is incompatible with that of a mother, yet there is no purely rationalmeasure of which is preferable).

An extreme relativist position might suggest that judging the moral or ethical judgments or acts of another person or group has no meaning at all, though most relativists propound a more limited version of the theory. Some philosophers maintain that Moral Relativism dissolves into Emotivism (the non-cognitivist theory espoused by many Logical Positivists, which holds that ethical sentences serve merely to express emotions and personal attitudes) or Moral Nihilism (the theory that, although ethical sentences do represent objective values, they are in fact false).

Moral Relativism generally stands in contrast to Moral Absolutism, Moral Universalism and to all types of Moral Realism, which maintain the existence of invariant moral facts that can be known and judged, whether through some process of verification or through intuition.

There’s quite a lot more, as I’m sure you are aware, and it’s interesting, especially the history. But since we are Christians, we can’t really go there, in my opinion, without abrogating our faith. Christ taught us that there is objectively right, and wrong, in all times and all places.

Yes, things change. Christ was not pressing for the abolition of human slavery, but Christianity was the driving force in its abolition in the west. Nor did He agitate for the equality of women but we have come to see that as a Christian value.

In other words he taught us the basics, and we have taken the ball and advanced it, with due regard for tradition, we have come to see that the dignity of the individual human being is paramount, and that human rights (as we perceive them) are an objectively good (and ethical) thing.

But to come back to where we began, it is not our role to judge others, God will take care of that in His own good time. And in truth, as I get older, I have less and less desire to judge others. More and more I realize that everybody’s experience is different and I’m simply not qualified.

What our mission is once we have a person’s trust is to teach him what God says and does, and give him the tools to judge himself. This is the role of confession. And then God will participate with forgiveness and mercy.

A reminder for all of us though, although our churches don’t seem to stress it as much as they used to, Christ ended almost all of his lessons with this, in one form or another:

Go and sin no more

That’s key!


 

st-georgeAnd since today is 23 April, I thought I would add a reminder that it is the Feast Day of St. George. He’s a busy guy, he’s the patron saint of Bulgaria, Ethiopia, Georgia, Greece, Portugal and Russia, but above all in our minds: England.

Sir Winston Churchill said:

There is a forgotten -nay almost forbidden word,
. . . . a word which means more to me than any other. . . .
That word is
“ENGLAND”

Seems to me he’s wasn’t far wrong. We hear much of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, and even of the former Empires: America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Singapore, and even India, but we hear little of the source of the glory: England. For without the driving force of English ideas, our world would simply not exist.

The Late Rt Hon Enoch Powell MBE, once said at a St. George’s Day speech.

There was a saying, not heard today so often as formerly . .

“What do they know of England who only England know?”

It is a saying which dates. It has a period aroma, like Kipling’s “Recessional” or the state rooms at Osborne. That phase is ended, so plainly ended, that even the generation born at its zenith, for whom the realisation is the hardest, no longer deceive themselves as to the fact. That power and that glory have vanished, as surely, if not as tracelessly, as the imperial fleet from the waters of Spithead.

And yet England is not as Nineveh and Tyre, nor as Rome, nor as Spain. Herodotus relates how the Athenians, returning to their city after it had been sacked and burnt by Xerxes and the Persian army, were astonished to find, alive and flourishing in the blackened ruins, the sacred olive tree, the native symbol of their country.

So we today, at the heart of a vanished empire, amid the fragments of demolished glory, seem to find, like one of her own oak trees, standing and growing, the sap still rising from her ancient roots to meet the spring, England herself.

Happy St. George’s Day to the cousins!

 

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